Far-UVC light as a new tool to reduce microbial burden during spacecraft assembly

This work aims to investigate far-UVC light at 222 nm as a new microbial reduction tool for planetary protection purposes which could potentially be integrated into the spacecraft assembly process. The major advantage of far-UVC (222 nm) compared to traditional germicidal UVC (254 nm) is the potential for application throughout the spacecraft assembly process in the presence of humans without adverse health effects due to the limited penetration of far-UVC light into biological materials. Testing the efficacy of 222-nm light at inactivating hardy bacterial cells and spores isolated from spacecraft and associated surfaces is a necessary step to evaluate this technology. We assessed survival of Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 and Acinetobacter radioresistens 50v1 exposed to 222-nm light on proxy spacecraft surfaces simulated by drying the bacteria on aluminum coupons. The survival fraction of both bacteria followed a single stage decay function up to 60 mJ/cm², revealing similar susceptibility of both species to 222-nm light, which was independent of the exposure rate. Irradiation with far-UVC light at 222 nm is an effective method to decontaminate the proxy spacecraft materials tested in this study.     

基于降维算法和等效杆长的可展结构精度分析

考虑铰链间隙和杆件尺寸误差的不确定性并通过概率统计方法对其进行研究,提出了一种基于单变量降维算法(UDRM)和等效杆长模型的可展结构精度分析方法。利用UDRM将可展结构的精度性能函数解耦为多个杆件尺寸误差的独立作用形式,建立精度分析模型。引入等效杆长模型,等效杆件替代原杆件进行精度计算。将铰链间隙与原始杆件尺寸误差合并到等效杆件的尺寸误差中,同时证明了等效杆长尺寸误差近似服从正态分布。以某卫星可展开天线为算例,结合高斯求积公式求解展开状态下精度指标的分布期望和方差。通过与蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)和一次二阶矩(FOSM)法计算结果的对比验证了本文精度分析方法的正确性和高效性。     

暂冲式风洞大开角扩散段性能的实验研究

布置有多层孔板（丝网）的大开角扩散段通过参数的优化设计,可有效缩短暂冲式风洞启动时间,均匀进入稳定段的气流速度,并降低阀后噪声和气流脉动。针对某大型暂冲式风洞大开角扩散段设计关键技术开展专题研究,设计并进行了不同扩散段扩开角角度和中心体分流锥型式的组合实验,从压力损失、出口截面速度分布和降噪特性三个方面进行了对比分析。试验结果表明：试验件45°扩开角＋65°平底锥的压力损失相对最小,而增加导流尾锥的中心分流锥由于底部难以形成稳态的分离涡使得其压力损失明显偏大,其它试验件组合的压力损失值则相接近;各试验件出口截面的速压分布均呈现以中轴线对称分布的双驼峰趋势,且孔板的开孔率偏高时出口剖面速度分布相对更平滑;试验马赫数下的大开角段对气流噪声的消声量约为12～14dB,对频率在2kHz以上的气流噪声具有相对较强的消声能力,同时气流经过设置有多层孔板的大开角扩散段后,气流波动幅值明显降低,气流脉动得到有效地抑制。     

面向空域/时域/功能混合模式的目标分组方法

提出了面向空域/时域/功能混合模式的目标分组方法,其结果为任务规划提供了包含空域、时域、功能的目标群体特征.该方法采用标准化方法对属性数据分类和扩展,按照不同类型属性数据分别建立属性差异度,提高了目标分组特征属性的可扩展性,解决了传统属性差异度难以适用于时域及功能属性的问题;在此基础上,综合考虑协同任务对目标分组各项属性的定性/定量要求、阈值约束及重要程度要求,构造了目标综合差异度,解决了某些属性不能直接加权的问题.仿真结果表明该方法能够快速有效地实现满足任务复杂要求的目标分组.     

细长杆降低超声速客机气动噪声的数值分析

在超声速客机机头加装适当的细长杆可以降低飞行噪声。本文借助基于AUSM+格式的准三维数值模拟手段对7组13种细长杆方案做了分析比较,总结出了近场气体参数与远场气体参数之间的关系的规律。文章还从气体动力学理论和激波理论出发,对数值模拟结果作了解释,并揭示了细长杆降噪效果与细长杆外形的内在联系,以及近场、远场两者关系的经验公式。文章从各种方案中选取了降噪效果较好的细长杆方案做三维流场分析,并通过流固耦合计算对其结构强度做了校核,验证了方案的可行性。     

Laminar flow control research at TsAGI: Past and present

This paper presents a brief review of activities in laminar flow control being performed at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after Prof. N.E. Zhukovsky (TsAGI). These efforts are focused on the improvement of the existing laminar flow control methods and on the development of new ones. The investigations have demonstrated the effectiveness of aircraft surface laminarization applications with the aim of friction drag reduction. The opportunity of considerable delaying of laminar-turbulent transition due to special wing profile geometry and using boundary layer suction and surface cooling has been verified at sub- and supersonic speeds through various wind tunnel testing at TsAGI and during flying laboratory experiments at the Flight Research Institute (LII). The investigations on using hybrid laminar flow control systems for friction drag reduction were also carried out. New techniques of laminar flow control were proposed, in particular, the method of local heating of the wing leading edge, boundary layer laminarization by means of receptivity control, and electrohydrodynamic methods of boundary layer stability control.     

基于实体-属性框架的领域知识库构建

知识库是进行各种自然语言处理任务不可或缺的一项基础性的资源。而目前知识库的构建还是一个难点问题,尤其是以自动方式构建复杂的领域性知识库系统的研究还处于探索阶段。本文提出一种基于实体-属性框架的领域知识库自动构建方法,致力于利用航空百科辞典的信息自动获取术语之间的上下位关系及部分实体属性关系,其中,基于多策略的上下位关系术语对提取融合了后缀子串匹配、模板自动构建、实质提取三种方法,分别考虑了辞典中反映上下位关系的不同信息。其中模板自动构建方法,在无需人工标注语料的情况下获得了比较好的效果。属性提取部分采用了以人工标注语料为前提的模板匹配方法。实验表明,本文系统对术语上下位关系抽取的F值达到76.01%,对各个属性的抽取也达到了75%以上。     

Shock protection of penetrator-based instrumentation via a sublimation approach

It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process.     

D-S证据理论在多传感器数据融合中的应用

近年来，许多领域都在进行多传感器数据融合技术的研究。多传感器数据的属性融合有很多算法，最常用的算法是贝叶斯决策检验法，国际上已提出将证据理论用于数据融合，但在这方面的理论基础还不完善。本文研究了证据理论在多传感器数据融合中的应用。Ｄｅｍｐｓｔｅｒ－Ｓｈａｆｅｒ方法是对Ｂａｙｅｓ决策检验法的推广，证据理论比概率论满足更弱的公理系统，并且在区分不确定与不知及精确反映证据收集过程等方面显示了很大的灵活性。文中阐述了Ｄ－Ｓ证据理论的数学性质，给出了可信度公理及Ｄ－Ｓ综合规则，并进行了计算机仿真实验，实验结果说明这种判决方法非常实用，用于数据融合算法非常有效     

小卫星非常规动力学分析与控制

针对小卫星研制中出现的一些非常规动力学问题进行研究,并提出解决办法。针对小卫星组件最大冲击谱量级超出常规冲击试验规范谱的分析与验证困难,通过研究提出了能够分析评估组件高量级冲击的方法。针对小卫星随机振动下强度设计方法还存在较大误差,分析了系统模态质量比与模态频率在一定频段的影响规律,认为忽略模态质量耦合会带来误差,提出了考虑模态质量耦合的准静态载荷计算方法。最后,针对小卫星整星开展了减振研究,分析了正弦和随机减振效果,对于对称安装减振系统,提出了减振系统的主频率计算公式。